An port Ethernet is a family of technologies commonly used in (LAN), (MAN) and (WAN). It was commercially introduced in 1980 and first standardized in 1983 as, and has since been refined to support higher and longer link distances. Over time, Ethernet has largely replaced competing wired LAN technologies such as,.
The original Ethernet uses as a, while the newer Ethernet variants use and links in conjunction with. Over the course of its history, Ethernet data transfer rates have been increased from the original 2.94 (Mbit/s) to the latest 400 (Gbit/s). The comprise several wiring and signaling variants of the in use with Ethernet.
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Systems communicating over Ethernet divide a stream of data into shorter pieces called. Each frame contains source and destination addresses, and so that damaged frames can be detected and discarded; most often, higher-layer protocols trigger of lost frames. As per the, Ethernet provides services up to and including the. Since its commercial release, Ethernet has retained a good degree of.
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Features such as the 48-bit and format have influenced other networking protocols. The primary alternative for some uses of contemporary LANs is, a wireless protocol standardized as. Etherpocket-SP Ethernet adapter (circa 1990). Supports both coaxial () and twisted pair () cables.
Power is drawn from a passthrough cable. Ethernet was developed at between 1973 and 1974. It was inspired by, which had studied as part of his PhD dissertation. The idea was first documented in a memo that Metcalfe wrote on May 22, 1973, where he named it after the once postulated to exist as an 'omnipresent, completely-passive medium for the propagation of electromagnetic waves.' In 1975, filed a patent application listing Metcalfe,,, and as inventors. In 1976, after the system was deployed at PARC, Metcalfe and Boggs published a seminal paper.
That same year,,, and facilitated the upgrade from the original 2.94 Mbit/s protocol to the 10 Mbit/s protocol which was released to the market in 1980. Metcalfe left Xerox in June 1979 to form. He convinced (DEC),, and Xerox to work together to promote Ethernet as a standard. As part of that process Xerox agreed to relinquish their 'Ethernet' trademark. The first standard was published on September 30, 1980 as 'The Ethernet, A Local Area Network. Data Link Layer and Physical Layer Specifications'.
This so-called DIX standard (Digital Intel Xerox) specified 10 Mbit/s Ethernet, with 48-bit destination and source addresses and a global 16-bit -type field. Version 2 was published in November, 1982 and defines what has become known as.
Formal proceeded at the same time and resulted in the publication of on June 23, 1983. Ethernet initially competed with and other. Download game naruto shippuden mugen rar. Ethernet was able to adapt to market realities and shift to inexpensive and then ubiquitous wiring.
By the end of the 1980s, Ethernet was clearly the dominant network technology. In the process, 3Com became a major company. 3Com shipped its first 10 Mbit/s Ethernet 3C100 in March 1981, and that year started selling adapters for and, as well as -based Intel and computers.: 9 This was followed quickly by DEC's to Ethernet adapter, which DEC sold and used internally to build its own corporate network, which reached over 10,000 nodes by 1986, making it one of the largest computer networks in the world at that time. An Ethernet adapter card for the IBM PC was released in 1982, and, by 1985, 3Com had sold 100,000.
Based Ethernet adapters were produced for a time, with drivers for DOS and Windows. By the early 1990s, Ethernet became so prevalent that it was a must-have feature for modern computers, and Ethernet ports began to appear on some PCs and most. This process was greatly sped up with the introduction of 10BASE-T and its relatively small, at which point Ethernet ports appeared even on low-end motherboards. Since then, Ethernet technology has evolved to meet new bandwidth and market requirements.
In addition to computers, Ethernet is now used to interconnect appliances and other. As it is used in industrial applications and is quickly replacing legacy data transmission systems in the world's telecommunications networks.